They don’t do sufficient homework stepping into a potential minefield. At the other extreme, many would-be developers don’t even get started because they don’t know where to start. Many big property developers started doing simple residential renovations, which is a great place to start not risking too much. If you want to get involved in the development of new townhouses or apartments, then a good place to start is understanding the process.

Developers follow a sequence of steps from the moment they first conceive a project to the time they complete the physical construction and begin ongoing asset management. While the sequence may vary slightly, usually the development is broken up into the following elements:- Coming up with the idea Refining it Testing its feasibility Negotiating contracts Making a formal commitment Constructing the project Completing the project and finally Managing the new project Let’s look at these in a little more detail. While the process varies from project to project, in essence these are the steps we follow;

1. Pre Purchase – Here you look for a block of land with potential for development. At this stage you should already have your finance in place so that you know your limits. You should also have a team of consultants organised who can advise you as to the project’s viability. These should include a development manager who can coordinate the whole process or individually, a solicitor, an architect, a surveyor, a town planner, an engineer and an estate agent to advise honestly on end values and marketability.

2. Concept stage – Once you find a potential site, you must now come up with a concept for it. What can you put on it? How many units? How big? What restrictions are there? Are there overlays, easements or covenants on the title? To find out what can be built on the block you need to assess the local council’s policy towards development and see how many new dwellings can be put on the block. This differs from council to council and even within the same municipality. You also need to assess what the market wants in that particular area – what would sell or lease well.

It is important to design and build a project that is marketable – the right size and the right type of dwelling for the demographic that wants to buy or lease in that locality. ? ?By the way, you can’t usually build any style of dwelling. Finally we put pen to paper and do some sketches allowing for setbacks, driveways and private open space (as required by council and the planning scheme). We next place garages and parking spaces on the plan and leave sufficient room for turning circles to drive out in a forward motion as required by many councils.

The land that is left over after all of this is accounted for will determine how many units and of what size can fit on the block. ? ?Next comes some number crunching in a feasibility program. We include time scales, all costs including consultants and construction costs, as well as the likely end sale values and the profit margin we look for. We then add a bit extra for contingencies, because there are always some unexpected costs. ? While there are always properties for sale that are advertised as potential development sites, currently they say very few make viable developments, as the vendor’s asking price is too high. If you pay too much at the beginning, by not undertaking an accurate feasibility study, we find you are always chasing your tail trying to make the project work.

3. Purchase – At this stage you buy the land at a price that allows you to make a commercial profit. Of course we have already sought advice and decided in which type of entity we would buy the land to enable us to get the best asset protection and tax advantages.

4. Town planning / Development Approval – You’ll need an architect to draw up plans that fit in with the planning regulations and accords with the local council’s development guidelines. Due to the increasing complexity of the development process, a surveyor and town planner are often involved at this stage. It can take up to 8 months before you’ll get a development approval (DA).

5. Working Drawing and documentation – Once the DA has been achieved get your architect and engineer documents the working drawings to obtain a building permit (called a Construction Certificate (CC) in some states.) This stage can take 2 to 3 months.

6. Pre Construction – This is when you obtain quotes from builders and organise finance for the construction phase of the project.

7. Construction – Now finally you can get on site to build your project, paying the builder progressively at the completion of each stage using draw downs from our bank loan. This stage can last 7-12 months depending on the size of the project. Many people think that construction is property development, but it is really just one of the stages. Construction is what a builder does; most developers are not builders. They are a bit like the producer of a movie. They come up with the concept and then orchestrate the entire project. Most developers never really get their hands dirty.

8. Completion – At this stage the plan of subdivision is completed and the project is refinanced and leased (the preferred option) or sold. While this is the last stage of the development process, you should begin with the end in mind – have an exit strategy right at the beginning of the project. The beautiful thing about property development is that once you learn and understand these stages you can pick and choose which steps you want to do and how much involvement you want.

Bowen, Queensland, Australia. Bowen is a growing mining town with brilliant opportunities for Queensland Property development.

One of the best places to start is the newspaper. It is imperative that you do some local research to find out what kinds of prices are driving the local market. Location is the most important factor in determining rental rates. For example, a three bedroom, one bath home in one part of town may rent for a $750 a month while another property on the opposite side of town may only be able to draw $500 per month. Most prospective tenants look for convenience when searching for a rental property. They are either looking for a location that is near their work or close to their children’s schools. Neighborhoods that are considered to be trendy or hip can also be a driving factor, as many people like the idea of living in certain neighborhoods.

Of course, the budget of the renter will also play a role in determining how much they are willing to pay and can pay in rent. Due to the fact that most renters have needs that must be filled, especially in terms of space, it is quite common for square footage to also play a role in determining rental rates. This means that larger homes and units will typically be able to rent for rates that are higher than smaller homes and units.

When setting rental rates; however, it is also important to keep in mind that there is a certain point when rental rates can reach a cap. When interest rates are low, if rental rates rise too high, renters will quickly make the connection that it just does not make sense to rent any longer when it could be less expensive to buy a home.

Another way to make sure that you stay updated on rental rates in your local area is to join a local association for landlords. This is a great way to make sure that you keep your finger on the pulse of the local rental market. Emerging trends in the area will affect not only you but also other landlords as well. For example, if your particular area is in an economic slump or even an economic boom then this could have an effect on local rental rates. Make sure you keep track of whether there have been job losses or the creation of new jobs in your local area.

It is also important to keep in mind that basic amenities can also play a role in determining how much rent you can charge for your unit or apartment. Some of the basics expected by most prospective tenants include off-street parking, washer and dryer hookups, dishwashers, etc. If these basic amenities are not available, you may find that you need to either offer something else that would attract prospective tenants or lower your rental rate.

Owning rental investment property can be a satisfying and lucrative operation; however, there are also several areas which need to be carefully heeded in order to make sure that you are not sued and do not become liable for any issues which may arise in connection with your property. Learning how to protect yourself is the first step in ensuring that your investment does not actually become a liability.

First, you must always make sure that you have adequate casualty and property insurance as well as liability insurance. These three items are not the same and it should always be remembered that property insurance will not typically protect you in the event someone becomes injured on your property.

Property and casualty insurance will cover you in the event your property suffers from losses resulting from storm, fire or some other catastrophic loss. Liability insurance is intended to protect you if you should be found to be responsible for someone else’s losses. You may also wish to consider carrying flood insurance if your property is in a community that participates in the National Flood Insurance Program. Umbrella insurance, which will provide you with additional liability insurance beyond a general liability insurance policy, is another worthy option you may consider.

You may ask yourself under what circumstances you may need liability insurance. There are many instances in which liability insurance could be helpful. For example, liability insurance could protect you in the event a tenant or an employee becomes injured on your property. Liability insurance can also protect you in the event you are sued for discrimination by tenants.

In the event you hire someone to work on your property, it is a good idea to ensure that all repairmen as well as contractors are able to provide their own certificates of insurance indicating they carry both workers’ compensation as well as liability coverage.

You should also make sure you review your insurance coverage with your insurance agent on a regular basis. Many people make the good intention of taking out adequate insurance coverage; however, they fail to review their policies and when disaster does strike sometime later they are surprised to discover that they did not have sufficient coverage after all.

It is also a good idea to make sure that you have formed good working relationships with critical professionals such as an attorney and a good tax accountant. There are many areas of renting property which are regulated by law. If you are not aware of your obligations under these housing laws, you could find yourself facing legal troubles. Therefore, it is certainly a good idea to consult an attorney to make sure you may not be breaking any fair housing laws. It can be entirely too easy to find yourself in trouble because you unknowingly violated one of these laws. Additionally, make sure you meet with a professional tax accountant at least once per year to discuss your tax obligations regarding your property and revenue.

It is also a good idea to check with your local government to determine whether you are required to have a business license in order to operate a rental property in the local area. While this was rather uncommon at one time, today more and more municipalities are enacting regulations which require a business license for each rental property.

Also, keep in mind that your property insurance policy will not cover the belongings of your renter in the event of damage. It is usually a good idea to make sure you let your tenants know this by putting it in writing. Many landlords not only encourage their tenants to obtain renter’s insurance but also require it.

Finally, take proactive steps to reduce your liability by making sure that your property is safe. Liability insurance is certainly beneficial but the best way to ensure that you steer clear of trouble is to keep your property well maintained.

First, make a point to go through the house and replace all of the older and outdated switch plates. New switch plates need not be an expensive investment. In fact, most switch plates can be replaced for just a couple of dollars each, at the most. You can easily replace all of the switch plates in a property for around $20. In some areas, you may wish to go ahead and ante up for switch plates which are slightly nicer, such as in the living room and foyer. You will pay a couple of dollars more for brass plates; however, even at around $5 each, that is still not much money to pay for an improvement that can really make your rental property stand out.

Doors are another area where you can make a big difference in your rental property without spending a ton of money. Doors are one of the first things that a prospective renter will notice so it can really be a worthy investment to make when you are trying to attract good renters. While you are changing out the doors, be sure to also consider changing out the handles as well. Older door handles can really make a place look drab. For just a few dollars, you can easily replace those old handles with brass finished models. ‘S’ handles are popular for bedroom doors and bathroom doors and only run a few dollars more.

The trim is another area where you can make a big impact for not much money. Take a good look at the trim in your rental property. If it appears worn and cracked, it could be time to replace it. You do not necessarily need to spring for crown molding throughout the entire property; however, adding it to the entryway or the living room can create a great first impression.

Another area where you might wish to focus some attention is the entryway or foyer. Keep in mind that once prospective renters step through the front door this is the first area they are going to see, so you want to make sure you make a good first impression. Tiling it can be a great way to do that. For a small foyer area measuring around 8×8 you can easily tile it for about $100.

Kitchens are one of the most important areas for most people when they view a property for rent, especially women. While it may not be practical to replace all of the cabinets, it can certainly help to paint them. Consider repainting them using a semi-gloss white paint and do not forget to replace the knobs when you are finished. Even less expensive plastic knobs can breathe new life into older kitchen cabinets.

First, consider whether you want to look for rental property on your own or whether you wish to use a broker to assist you in the process. There are certainly many advantages to working with a reputable broker when you are looking for investment property. In many cases, brokers may know of properties which have just come on the market and which may not have been noticed by others yet. A broker is also usually well versed about the local neighborhood, which can be important if you are not from that area.

Before you actually begin looking at prospective properties, make sure that you have gone through your finances and have them in order. Ideally, you should check your credit report several months before you plan to make a purchase in order to be certain that there are not any inaccuracies which could prevent you from obtaining a mortgage for the purchase of your investment property. Be sure to check with all three credit reporting bureaus, not just one, to get a clear picture of your credit standing. Assuring that your credit is in order can also help you to obtain a more favorable interest rate.

It is also important to do your research about the local market so that you do not overpay for the property you ultimately purchase. When you do purchase a piece of investment property, you need to make sure that the deal you strike allows sufficient room for a profit margin just in case there are times when you do not have a full occupancy.

Carefully consider both the advantages and disadvantages of purchasing a property that could be labeled as a fixer-upper. While you very well may be able to purchase the property for less money than other properties, you may very well find that you have purchased a money pit. In the event that a lot of major repairs and renovations are required, this can equate to a large investment of both time and money. In this case, it would be better to pay more for a property that requires less attention.

Before you purchase any property, take the time to have it inspected. Even if you have inspected the property on your own, you should still have a professional go over the property to be certain that the electrical wiring meets code, there is no lead in the paint and that overall, the property is safe. An inspection can sometimes turn up problems which you might not notice but which could ultimately cost thousands of dollars to correct. You will typically be required to pay for the inspection; however, it is a wise investment that could save you quite a bit of time and money.

Take the time as well to research the local real estate market and the neighborhood. Check with the local police department to find out whether the area is safe and if you will need to provide any additional security. Drop by city hall to determine whether there are any plans for the local area that could potentially lower the value of the property. Research the real estate market in the area to find out the condition of prices. If prices have gone down recently, this could be an indication that rents will also be low. On the other hand, if home prices in the area are high, this could indicate the area is in demand that you may be able to charger higher rents.

Finally, do not make the mistake of ‘settling’ for a property simply because you are in a rush to invest in rental property. This could result in an investment that will require you to spend more time and/or money than you originally planned and detract from your profit margin.

Before you actually begin renting out your property it is a good idea to sit down and determine the criteria you will use to choose that best tenant. Without guidelines you will have no choice but to rely on your instinct to choose the best tenant and this could result in trouble if you are only relying on your feelings to make a tenant selection. One of the worst risks you can take is to let your own personal opinions and biases guide you in your decision because this could open the door for a discrimination lawsuit.

First, you should always make sure that you notify prospective tenants that you utilize a fair system to make your decision. Ideally, it is best to include this type of statement on all rental applications. For example, you might state “Our policy is to rent our units in compliance with federal, state and local fair housing laws.”

If you are fairly new to operating investment rental property, you may not be cognizant of fair housing laws. Be sure to consult your state’s fair housing office to determine those guidelines which you must follow.

Beyond fair housing laws, it is important to make sure you establish criteria that is concrete by which to judge all potential applicants.

For example, it is common to require that the applicant provide identification that is verifiable. You may require the applicant to present a photo ID with their application so that you can make a copy of it. This type of requirement is valid because you may need it in the future in the event you need to describe adult occupants of the unit. If someone co-signs the application, it is also a good idea to obtain identification for them as well.

It is also quite valid to require information which would help you to determine that the applicant has a sufficient income to rent ratio. If the applicant were applying for a loan to purchase a home, the lender would require similar information. The general rule of thumb is to identify applicants that have a gross monthly income that is three times the amount of the rent. One way to document this information is by requesting copies of the applicant’s pay stubs along with their application. If the applicant is self-employed, you might ask them to provide their last tax return in addition to three months of bank statements. If you cannot verify the applicant’s income, this would be a perfectly legitimate reason to deny their application as you have no assurance that they would be able to pay their rent.

Many property managers and landlords also check credit ratings and scores on applicants as well. The purpose of this is to verify the financial responsibility of the applicant. The general guideline is to obtain a credit report on all applicants as well as any co-signers who are over the age of 18. Keep in mind that you will need to receive permission to run a credit report; however, you can request this information on the rental application. Applicants with low credit scores could be legitimately denied on the basis on being unable to prove financial responsibility.

In addition, you should check references. Typically, you should ask all applicants to provide the names and telephone numbers of individuals who can verify the applicant’s income sources as well as character references.

Finally, make sure you follow-up to check that the applicant has been able to successfully rent a dwelling in the past and paid their rent on time. In the event an applicant is unable to meet this requirement but does meet all other requirements you may consider requiring the applicant to have a co-signer.

First, you need to carefully examine potential rental income. If the property has already served as a rental property, you need to take the time to find out how much the property has rented for in the past and then do some research to determine whether that amount is on target or not. In some cases, properties may have rented for lower than they should have while in other cases a property may be over-rented. Look at comparables in the area to make sure you know whether the property in question is on target; otherwise you may find that the amount you think you will be receiving in rental income is unrealistic.

Mortgage interest is another area that should be considered carefully. Make sure you know and understand prevailing interest rates as well as the details of your specific loan because mortgage interest is the biggest cost you will face when purchasing investment property. First, understand that homes and duplexes tend to have loan structures that are similar to any mortgage loan. With a larger property; however, such as a triplex; rates tend to be higher. If you are looking at commercial property with even more units; the matter of terms and rates is completely different. Typically, the more money you are able to put down on the purchase of the property, the less interest you will have to pay.

Taxes are another issue. Many people use the taxes from the year in which the property was purchased and assume they can use these figures to estimate expenses. This is not always the cases because taxes do not remain the same; they typically change every year. Usually, taxes go up after a property is purchased. This is especially true if the property was previously owner occupied. So, it is typically a good idea to just assume that the taxes will go up on the property after you purchase it.

One area which many people fail to take into consideration is the cost of the property being vacant. While you would certainly hope that your property would remain rented all the time, this simply is not realistic. There will probably be times when your property will be vacant. Generally, you should assume that your property will have an average 10% vacancy rate.

The cost of tenant turnover should also be taken into consideration. This is often a big surprise to many landlords who assume they will rent out their properties and their tenants will remain in the property for some time. Even more of a surprise is how much it costs to prepare the property to rent out again. Just a few of the costs include not only advertising for a new renter but also repainting, cleaning, etc. If damage was done to the property, the total cost of repair may not be fully covered by the security deposit you charged.

Of course, the cost of insurance should also be taken into consideration. Keep in mind that the insurance for investment properties is usually higher than an owner occupied property. Make sure you obtain a quote rather than just using the insurance cost for your own home as an estimating guide. In addition, make sure you take into consideration not only property insurance but also liability insurance as well.

Utility costs are another area that are frequently under-estimated. If the property has already served as a rental property make sure you find out exactly what the owner pays for and what the renters pay for. You should also make sure to find out whether you will be responsible for other costs such as trash collection.

Finally, take into consideration the costs of property management if you will not be managing the property yourself.